Essay On Transgender Athletes - 1501 Words

Next, male-to-female athletes have an unfair advantage when it comes to having a generally bigger skeletal frame. It is commonly known that men in general are designed to be stronger than women. This is largely due to their bigger bone structure and larger muscle mass. These two anatomical forces when energetically combined become powerful forces of speed, strength, and endurance which are all characteristics of a great athlete. Many transgender individuals choose to undergo hormone therapy to help change their appearance into looking more feminine or masculine. However, in the case of transgender athletes who desire to compete in the Olympics, the IOC has required male-to-female athletes to undergo two years of hormone treatment in†¦show more content†¦Moreover, many supporters of the new Olympic transgender rule may say that hormone therapy would bring transwomen athletes down to the same level as cisgender female athletes and put them all on an â€Å"even playing fi eld.† Consequently, continuous hormone therapy may result in the desired therapeutic levels –this will be evident in lab results. However, according to Dr. Maddie Deutsch, Director of Clinical Services at the UCSF Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, what does not change for a person undergoing hormone therapy is bone structure. Consider the effects of hormone therapy as a second puberty, and puberty normally takes years for the full effects to be seen†¦ Because it can take two or more years for these changes to fully develop, you should wait at least that long before considering any drastic facial feminization procedures. What won’t change is your bone structure, including your hips, arms, hands, legs and feet (UCSF Transgender Care). In other words, a transgender female athlete who passes all Olympic regulations and therapies may eventually take on more feminine facial and body features but will maintain the same skeletal structure. As previously mentioned, a bigger bone structure will lead to more speed, strength, and endurance. How about more punching power? Former Olympic gold medalist in judo, Ronda Rousey, now a professional mixed martial artist (MMA) in the UFC, thinks having a bigger boneShow MoreRelatedThe World Of Athletics Has Been Built Around A Binary View1634 Words   |  7 Pa gespopulation of athletes getting stuck in the middle. There is a growing social acceptance of transgender and intersex individuals in society, however, when it comes to sport these individuals are often left isolated on an island of controversy. The majority of this controversy surrounds the debate of whether or not transgender and intersex females should be allowed to compete in women’s sports. Society does not have a problem with the integration of transgender and intersex athletes in male sportsRead MoreComparing Intersex And Transgender Females Deserve A Place Of Belonging1398 Words   |  6 PagesIntersex and transgender females deserve a place of belonging in the world of sport. Society’s need to categorize humans makes it difficult for minorities to find a sense of belonging. Humans are easily given labels by society - as gay, straight, black, asian, female, male etc. This system works for the majority of people, and those who fit in do not see a necessity to change these constructs. As Judith Butler argues in her essay Undoing Gender we must remake the definition of human by deconstructingRead MoreGender Stereotypes Throughout History1230 Words   |  5 PagesMiller’s propaganda poster â€Å"We Can Do It!† and Cathy Glui’s essay â€Å"Richer Sex†. Few decades ago, women were not given equal right to play specific sports which men were allowed to participate in. Time has shifted and modern society gives generally equal options to both genders when choosing sports. Although female athletes have gained opportunities, the basic society’s assumptions are still entwined in our culture, mistreating female athletes through judgments and media. It is a society’s normativeRead MoreThe Rights Of American Citizens1217 Words   |  5 Pagesfemale bodies†. Some people would argue that transgender individuals and intersex individuals are considered to be two heads of the same coin and should be given equal rights to one another. However an intersex person is born the way they are whereas a transgender person is born a male or a female and wishes to switch to the other gender. Intersex people should have the right to self designate their gender rather being male or female although transgender should not be able to self de signate. SexualRead MoreThe Thirty Nine Year Old New Zealand Weight Lifter1510 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will discuss the isssue of the thirty-nine year old New Zealand weight lifter, Laurel Hubbard, a transgender woman who won the Australian International weightlifting competition. The following theories, Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics will be discussed to identify the ethical issues to justify whether this issue is fair for the other woman competitiors. Before Hubbard arose as an international caliber lifter last year, she would compete nationally as ‘Gavin Hubbard’, which is her birthRead MoreIs Sports A Good Thing? Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesIt can be inferred that sports is a social construct in which supporters acknowledge athletes for their talent and skill. As athletes are identified on the basis of membership of their sport and team, we as the general public, rarely acknowledge them as individuals. Rather, we decide when to individuate them –praising them when they shine a little a brighter than the rest, and when to chastise them because they went against the grain. When discussing the LGBTQ community and their involvement in sportsRead MoreThroughout History We Have Seen The Evolution Of How Women1524 Words   |  7 Pageswomen are perceived by society. We can easily notice how women are striving towards gender equality and how women are gaining more power and respect in society as a whole. In the summer of 2016, â€Å"Vanity Fair† published a controversial photo of transgender, Caitlyn Jenner, officially premiering her new self to the world. The news that the idolized Bruce Jenner had changed switched genders had been buzzing months prior to this publication. As the former Olympic champion refused interview after interviewRead MoreGender And Its Impact On Our Lives1515 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, to further understand what this essay will consist of, we require to ask ourselves do we understand precisely what the definition of Gender is defined to be? Society and our own culture and religious views construct traits that are defined as masculine and feminine attributes. When we are born, we are perceived either boy or girl predicated on our biological differences. Defining our gender, then defines every single characteristic after that. Transgender children are born with their gender-definedRead MoreDifferences Between Dominant And Subordinate Groups Of The Dominant Group1503 Words   |  7 Pagesin society. These dichotomies are necessary to maintain the structural power of the dominant group (Hackman, 2013), and one dichotomy in society is based on gender. For the social category of gender, the men are the dominant group, and women and transgender people are the subordinate group (Kirk Okazawa-Rey, 2013). Hence, the dominant group of men creates a system of sexism, which â€Å"serves to privilege men, subordinate women, denigrate women-identified values and practices, enforce male dominanceRead MoreThe Positive Impact Of The Social Influence Of Sports1486 Words   |  6 Pagesextent in which they are performed and the biggest influence is the social influence A positive impact from the societal influence of peers would be their ability to make you feel good, try harder and to participate in more things .At some point any athlete will doubt themselves usually known as a slump and the support of friends and family gets them back to their original self .This is because their confidence in us boost our self-confidence which improve our performance in sports and activity .Two

Pen Versus the Sword (Peace Versus Violence) in World...

The pen is mightier than the sword The pen influences your mind peacefully. Weapons do not. They tend to violate every path of human kind. The pen influences more people than the sword and has more impact on their lives. The power of the sword is negative destruction of life, and the sword has only caused problems during its reign of power. Early man relied on their muscle power. In fight the for existence, it was survival of the fittest. Gradually man became civilized and progressed in society. The fate of nations was shaped by wars and gradually man realized that weapons cannot solve problems. â€Å"Weapons could kill a man but cannot bring change to his mind† (Goldsmith, 46). The French citizens made a big mistake by†¦show more content†¦Although he made powerful enemies, Voltaire never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom, freedom of religion, beliefs, freedom of speech. He used his quill pen as if it were a deadly weapon in a thinkers war against humanities worst enemies-intolerance, pr ejudice and superstation .he summed up his staunch defense of liberty in one of his most famous quote â€Å"I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it† (Marvin, par-1). â€Å"And so philosophers bought a huge impact on the French revolution. â€Å"No clash of arms could achieve what great man through their writing has achieved† (Abbey, par-4). Renaissance means the rebirth of learning it was caused by the ideas and the thought of man Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo were the true renaissance man renaissance man a renaissance man is the a person with many talents or interests, esp. in the humanities. The renaissance has spread learning, technology and beauty the renaissance was a period of the pen. Writing has helped man to store and spread his thoughts beliefs and ideas after the development of the printing press by Johannes Guttenberg, the printing press became the most powerful weapon of mankind. The printing press had a bigger impact then the invention of the first personal computer if the printing press was not invented ideas would not have spread and learning would not have spread which would have caused lack of education, lack in interest of education because

The Renaissance Essay Paper Example For Students

The Renaissance Essay Paper The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century (Renaissance History, 2008). It is a French word for rebirth. It also a revival of the classical art and intellect of Ancient Greece and Rome. The art in the Renaissance time was more life-like and contained perspective. (Interactive Schooling, 2013). It was perceived as a rebirth of ancient traditions, and later on it was a tradition. Some famous artists from the Renaissance were Leonardo Dad Vinci, Tinderbox, Ghetto, Raphael, etc. Now their painting are something really valuable and significant. The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1439 he changed the lives of people in Europe and, eventually, all over the world. A printing press is a device that uses pressure to transfer an image from some sort of prepared, inked surface to a receiving surface, like paper or cloth. (Weeklies, 2007). It was one of the great inventions of the modern age. During the renaissance in geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics, manufacturing, and engineering occurred some great advances, science in those times was something that not everybody could know like now. Renaissance science spawned the Scientific Revolution; science and technology began a cycle of mutual advancement. (Winnie Whish, 2008). Some important Renaissance technologies were; mining and metallurgy, blast furnace enabled iron to be produced in significant quantities, finery forge enabled pig iron into bar iron, slitting mill chained the production of iron rods for nail making, smelt mill increased the output of lead over previous methods. Renaissance artists and architects, produced some of the finest works that we know now. The Protestant Reformation during the 16th century in Europe ushered in a new artistic tradition that embraced the Protestant agenda and diverged drastically from the southern European tradition and the humanist art produced during the high Renaissance. (Art History, 2012)

Stakeholder Analysis and Natural Resource Management Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Stakeholder Analysis and Natural Resource Management. Answer: Introduction: System Analyst is someone who is basically an information technology professional who has specialization in analyzing, designing and also implementing the information system. System Analyst analyzes the system and procedures that is already in work and making modifications to the existing system and identifies the new requirements that are needed for the system. System Analysts helps in solving the business problems through analysis and technologies. System Analyst helps in evaluating the business that is needed and also helps in identifying appropriate solutions and also looks after the design (Feldman et al., 2015). They are mainly responsible for evaluating the code and reviewing the script and also if necessary change the code according to the need. There are various roles that a system analyst has to follow like they need to identify and understand and make plan according to their understanding for any organization just to make sure that all new technical requirements are proper ly integrated with the existing systems and if not then trying to make the changes. The second is that they are also responsible for planning a system flow right from the very basic. They also need to interact with internal users and customers as well as they need to have a deep knowledge about the software architecture and should have a good sense of software limitations (Rich Waters, 2014). They also need to help the programmers when the system is being deployed and provide them with all the necessary materials like use cases, flow chart and many more. System Analysts plays a major role when any software is being deployed as they need to design all the components and inform the developers about the system design. Identifying the stakeholders involved in system requirements There are various stakeholders who are closely related when it comes to system requirements. The first one is the Users as they will be in continuous touch with the system and they are the ones who will be using the application from beginning till the end. It is up to the users what they like and what they do not, what they would like to have included and what they want to remove. Users are very basic part when it comes to system requirements as every application according to them. An application will fail or pass strongly depends on the users reaction (Catahan Jr et al., , 2014). Every application should be made so as to make their work more simple and easy to work with. The second stakeholders are the Developers who aids in developing these applications for the users. They develop these applications according to the requirements and needs that any user asks for. They also help in updating the application from time to time so as to include new features and are also they look after t he application if they are working properly or not. They are also responsible for making the application quite secure so that users can do their work with ease (McMurtrey, 2013). The third is Legislators as they are responsible for laying down some of the rules and regulations that the developers need to follow while developing the application for the users. These guidelines are meant for the safe working of the application. These rules and regulations can be local or even include the government. The last one is Decision Makers who are responsible for making the decisions when the system is under development (Chevalier, 2016). These kinds of stakeholders mainly include the managers of the development team, user managers and also the financial controllers when it comes to developer and organization users. Kind of information that is required for the model system upgrade requirements For this, DFD or Data Flow Diagram is considered which is basically a graphical structural analysis the helps in describing all the external system sources and also helps in describing the logical functions, data flows and access of data is also possible. Data Flow Diagram mainly helps in visualizing the working of the application and which attributes will the main factor and how they will interact with each other. The main goal of DFD is to show the relationships between the processes and also gives an idea about how each process will convert their input into outputs. This is done so to make the systems description more clear and easy to understand for every level of detail. DFD mainly consists of three levels where all the processes are decomposed on the structural components (Ajaykumar Prasad, 2014). Data Flow Diagram helps in showing the flow of data that will be occurring within the application. DFD can be used to upgrade the systems also as with DFD, developers can get a rough idea about how the data will flow and what new attributes will be required before implementing or changing the system. Functional and non-functional requirements for the system upgrade Functional and Non-Functional requirements needs to selected carefully to make sure that they make sense when the final outcome of the project comes and this needs to be conveyed to all the team members who are working over the same project. Authentication is very much important when it comes to application as there are very confidential data present within the application which should be kept safe from any prying eyes and also this makes sure that no one can access these data without proper authorization. Authorization Levels are also quite important as this should be limited to managers and higher officials only as if the authorization level is given to the employees, they might make some error for which the companies have to face problems in the long run. Reporting Requirements are also quite important as in this all the requirements are mentioned that it would be required for making the application (Wiegers Beatty, 2013). Reliability is a main factor that that every user wants from any application and the developers needs to make the application reliable as much as possible so that the work of the users becomes easy (Chung et al., 2012). Security is also an important factor that users prioritize as they save all their personal information or any business related information within the application. The developer needs to make sure that the security is strong enough and no one can enter the application without proper authorization (Chung et al., 2012). References Ajaykumar, S. D., Prasad, M. S. (2014). Transforming data flow diagram to use case diagram.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,4(1), 561. Catahan Jr, N. B., Kale, S. P., Garg, S., Leon, M. T. B., Sundararajan, R. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,762,415. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Chevalier, J. M. (2016). Stakeholder analysis and natural resource management. Chung, L., Nixon, B. A., Yu, E., Mylopoulos, J. (2012).Non-functional requirements in software engineering(Vol. 5). Springer Science Business Media. Feldman, D., Barbose, G., Margolis, R., Bolinger, M., Chung, D., Fu, R., ... Wiser, R. (2015). Photovoltaic System Pricing Trends. McMurtrey, M. (2013). A case study of the application of the systems development life cycle (sdlc) in 21st century health care: Something old, something new?.Journal of the Southern Association for Information Systems,1(1).) Rich, C., Waters, R. C. (Eds.). (2014).Readings in artificial intelligence and software engineering. Morgan Kaufmann. Wiegers, K., Beatty, J. (2013).Software requirements. Pearson Education.

Conan OBrain Speech Essays - Conan OBrien, Burbank, California

Conan O'Brain Speech In the confusing and chaotic world of late night television, a battle is being fought. Network versus network, host versus host, the big shots of the television media have squared off in a race for ever desired ratings. Each with their own distinct style, greats like Jay Leno and David Lettermen have set forth their way of doing things, and by doing so, have entertained millions while raking in record breaking amounts of profit. However, the true king of late night cannot be found amongst such these billboard filling giants. Not arriving on your television set before many of you have fallen fast asleep, he has conquered all with his year 2000 predictions and the crazy antics of each and everyone of his imaginative characters. Who could it be? None other than NBCs very own, Conan OBrien. It all started on April 18, 1963 in Brookline, Massachusetts, a small suburb of Boston. Born into a large Irish family of five other siblings, Conan grew quickly into a good student coming directly fr om a good home. His father a prosperous doctor, and his mother a lawyer, were constantly working hard, and Conan learned immediately that this was the key to success. Before he knew it, he was had finished high school at the top of his class, and would follow through to attend local college Harvard University. A Magna Cum Laude student, this is where Conan began his career. Although he would complete college with a degree in both Literature and American History, while at Harvard, Conans sense of humor began to mature. He became well known around campus after debuting on the colleges newspaper, the Harvard Lampoon, and greatly enjoyed the fame it brought him. He knew immediately that this was the life for him, and after leaving college, he quickly began to pursue many opportunities in the field of show business. He landed small gigs here and there, but it wasnt until the late 1980s that Conan would get his first big break, after finding his way amongst the very best as a writer for N BCs Saturday Night Live. Here, Conan continued to grow, making friendships with such comedic greats as Dana Carvey and Chris Rock. However, in 1991, change came. Leaving SNL, Conan quickly landed another job with Matt Groenings The Simpsons. He would stay here until 1993 when Conans true stardom began.With NBC looking to fill a vacant spot after the Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Conans previous time with SNL paid off. Casters immediately thought of Conan for the job, and after a brief audition, he became the man of choice. Without even thinking, Conan accepted. Now, the structure of the show had to be set and NBC made it quite clear that they would let Conan direct this process himself. With this in place, Conan went to work, immediately selecting NBCs New York Rockafeller Plaza for his set. Second, much like his childhood idol Johnny Carson, Conan decided that he would need a sidekick. This spot was filled with funny man Andy Richter, and music was directed by past drummer for Bruce Springstein Max Weinberg and his six other band members. For over seven years now, Emmy winning Late Night with Conan OBrien has entertained audiences by the millions, thanks largely to the work of the host, the brain and Boston native Conan Christopher OBrien.

The 8 Worst Office Problems Youll Deal With in the Summer

The 8 Worst Office Problems Youll Deal With in the Summer Summer is here! Which means most days you’ll be daydreaming about being absolutely anywhere else than where you are (aka at your desk). Here are 8 of the absolute worst summer office problems, just so you can be prepared for their awfulness in advance. 1. The Great Temperature DebateIt’s a hundred billion degrees outside and subzero inside. Whoever is in charge of the AC has gone way overboard and you find yourself shivering at your desk. You’ve brought socks and a heavy sweater just to make it through your day without losing a toe. Or worse, you’re the guy at the window with the sun baking in, and no matter what temperature the AC is set on, you’re still sweating buckets!2.  Commuting via Train or BusOkay, so this one is about getting to your office, but it’s still hell. There’s never AC in your subway  car or bus, and no one seems to understand the concept of deodorant. You’ve got smelly armpits and sweaty backs everywhere you turn. Tip: start avoiding rush hour. Come in early! Go home late! You don’t have to stay at work all that time, but you’ll spare yourself the inhumanity of the sardine commute. Happy hour, anyone?3. The â€Å"It† VacayEveryone is talking about going to that one island (like Ibiza or St. John) or that one summer party everybody goes to. None of your vacation plans or party plans are cool enough. You didn’t know people owned that much white linen.4. The Constant Countdownsâ€Å"16 days, 4 hours, and 39 minutes!† Your coworkers are all chirping out their timelines and squealing about just how soon their vacation is coming up! Even worse will be their Instagram feeds when they actually get to their glamorous destination. #neverleaving (sigh)5. Summer TreatsBe it a routine iced coffee run in the afternoon, or an ice cream habit†¦ bad for the waistline, good for morale. Still not really compensation, however, for being stuck inside.6. Outside L unchesOkay, despite sweating into your salad, so this is not a problem so much as a perk. Enjoy it. Sit on a park bench and bask.7. Dressing for WorkDo you dress for the swelter? Or the professional standard? Can you get away with showing all that cleavage? Or should you risk drenching yourself in sweat to arrive at the office modestly covered up? It’s a dilemma every day.8. The Office DeodorizerYes, we’re very glad our coworkers keep extra deodorant in their desks for days such as these. But do we need to SEE them apply? Or worse†¦ spray?

Complete the Statistical Process Control for the Process Term Paper

Complete the Statistical Process Control for the Process - Term Paper Example Leading tools in Statistical process control are control charts, which is based on constant perfection and premeditated testing. Control charts, also recognized as process-behavior charts. In statistical process control, control charts are key practice utilized to establish whether or not a production or commercial process is in a condition of statistical control. The control chart can be envisioned as ingredient of a purpose and regimented approach that permits acceptable judgments concerning organization and management of the process, as well as whether or not to alter process control constraints. Process constraints should never be altered for a procedure that is in proper organization, as this will consequence in despoiled process routine. Being insightful of a process, the process is characteristically mapped out and the process is controlled using control charts. Control charts are utilized to recognize disparity that may be due to special causes, and to liberate the consumer f rom apprehension over disparity due to common causes. This is a nonstop, continuing process. When a procedure is steady and does not activate any of the detection rules for a control chart, a process competence analysis may also be carried out to forecast the capability of the present procedure to manufacture compliant products in the upcoming activities surrounded by specifications. A control chart comprises of points on behalf of a statistical mean, range, and proportion of dimensions of a quality feature in illustrations (samples) opted from the procedure at dissimilar points in time. The mean of this statistic process control utilizing the entire collections of the sample is enumerated; it incorporates the mean of the means, mean of the ranges, and mean of the proportions. A middle line is placed at the numerical value of the mean of the statistical process control chart. The standard error meaning the standard deviation/sqrt(n) for the mean of the statistic is in addition preme ditated by means of the entire collections of all the samples. Upper and lower control limits, at times termed as "natural process limits", designate the threshold at which the procedure output is measured statistically improbable are drawn characteristically at 3 standard errors starting from the center line. The chart can also be additionally equipped with possible features, like upper and lower warning limits, placed as detached lines, characteristically two standard errors on top of and underneath the center line, as well as separation into zones, with the accumulation of regulations leading frequencies of interpretations in every zone in addition to it can also encompass the explanation with procedures of interest, as explicated by the Quality Engineer in command of the process's quality. Control charts put 3-sigma or 3-standard error limits on the few foundations, these foundations include the common consequence of Chebyshev's inequality that the probability of an occurring bi gger than k standard deviations as of the mean is at mainly 1/k2 for any probability distribution. The better-quality product of the Vysochanskii-Petunin inequality that the probability of a event larger than k standard deviations as of the mean is of the value maximum 4/(9k2) for any uni-modal probability distribution. The empirical examination of various probability distr

When Friend Forgets to Pay Back Loans Personal Statement

When Friend Forgets to Pay Back Loans - Personal Statement Example This is true, and such situations need to be handled with care. If a friend of mine does not repay the loan, I will have no option but to confront him in a peaceful and amicable manner. Firstly, I would arrange for the both of us to have an open talk. A friendly and confiding talk can bridge the gap that the unpaid loan has brought in. Next, I would ask him for the reason that had prevented him form keeping up his word. I shall help him take me into confidence and confide in me about his position or circumstance. By treating him with courtesy and not intending to spoil our friendship, I would also talk to him openly about my dilemma. The fact that I am in a financial crunch and in bad need of the sum would be explained to him in a very amicable manner. Next, I would go no to tell him that if not for this crunch, I wouldn't have been hell-bent and too strict with the dates of repayment. I would politely but strictly tell him to repay it within a week at the maximum.

Drug Use at Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Drug Use at Workplace - Essay Example Additionally, the "meth" epidemic really was not properly categorized at all. Actually, the issue is the use of stimulants, not so much crystal meth. Meth use takes a terrible toll on the mind and body of the user. The devastating physical effects of using this extremely addicting drug range from mildly debilitating to severely incapacitating and potentially lethal. Common side effects for using meth include facial disfigurement, rotting teeth (meth mouth), anorexia, body tremors, convulsions, high blood pressure, and seizures. But it is the destructive psychological and neurological effects on the addict that make meth an issue for the entire workplace. Even short-term meth use can cause severe mood swings, depression, paranoia, and emotional instability in the user, increasing the potential for violence in the workplace. Americans are working harder and longer, and now some people are turning to drugs for a quick boost--with dire consequences. Drugs in the workplace may not be a new phenomenon, but there's a new poison taking precedence: Workplace methamphetamine abuse rose 68 percent in 2003. Meth use and stimulus amphetamine injestion can cause serious damage to employees and the overall work environment. While high on meth, employees may think they're in control, but it's a false sense of security. Employees are not completely aware of their environment and are apt to have more on-the-job accidents. Signs of meth addiction include dizziness, irritability, sudden weight loss, inability to get along with co-workers or supervisors, and a possible tendency toward violence. b) What are the tangible benefits of resolving the problem Sadly, the article does not speak to solving the problem. Rather it readily admits that researchers haven't a clue as to how to treat meth addiction. My own independent research indicates the rampant effects of methamphetamine addiction at work. Clearly there are no tangible benefits to the employer. Tragically, it appears that the main benefit is to protect the workplace from the addict. 4) Describe and evaluate any solutions provided in the article. The article did not offer any solutions at all. It readily admits that there is a paucity of information available on how to treat this latest epidemic in the world of drug

Character Development Example for Script Writing

Character Development Example for Script Writing Andrew LÃ ¶tter Ezraette Luthor Sociological characteristics She is a scholar aged 14 during the film, in grade 8 at St. John’s High School, She was born in St. George’s Hospital in Port Elizabeth and raised in Pupaville, Eastern Cape, South Africa. She is English South African from both sides, but knows nothing of her roots, except vague stories her mother would tell her from her maternal heritage. Ezraette’s home has always been on Job’s Well Done farm. In the year when she was six years old, and again when she was nine years old, her father, Job Luthor, physically abused her mother, Harmony Smith, when he was still an alcoholic. This caused Ezraette to distrust male figures. Her father was not taken away from her but rather simply rehabilitated at the local church hostel each time. She has always generally seen him more as an acquaintance than a father. It was only from grade 7 until the middle of act one in the film, that she saw him as a casual friend, when he would take her on fast rides on his motorcycle. Eac h time he physically abused her mother, though, the relationship had lost a little more affection, until she simply acknowledged him. Each time he hit her mother, she would try to hit him, which never had much effect. Throughout her life, she has been able to talk to animals, and in fact has always preferred their company over that of people. This of course led to school children teasing her. She was never beaten up though, because she had always had a fierce rage that would cause her to topple any child if they hurt her. Her school and pre-school teachers often asked her to help them with handing out tests, cleaning the board, carrying boxes, etc. because she is usually quite gentle and curious, but also because they want her to get away from playing too much with animals and rather act human. This has caused her to seem like a teacher’s pet, increasing the teasing and decreasing the likelihood of being physically abused. However, this caused her to be isolated on the playground, and although she could occasionally go to a classroom to help a teacher during break, the teachers allowed it as an exception and not a rule. She was sent by her parents to go to the Prevenient Grace Methodist Church, but found it boring at Sunday school and tended to talk to the few ants in the building. Most of the children teased her there too. In the two years when her father was physically abusive to her mother, she found that Thomas van der Berg would suddenly spend time with her, per Saul van der Berg’s instructions, and they would start building a deep friendship, but once her situation at the time improved, he would spend more time with other boys and only be civil to her. Her and her mother have a loving relationship and she loves to hear stories around the hearth fire of her adventures in Port Elizabeth. Her mother has never found her behaviour strange, but had to discipline her in how to act more civilised. Her mother was more helpful in the realm of school work, helping Ezraette to pass mathematics, Afrikaans and English, with which she struggled dearly. Ezraette likes to play sport, and is in the school tennis team. Her only political belief is that tariffs in South Africa should be strengthened, but this is only because her father is a farmer, and is not a very sophisticated belief on her part. Her family does not eat meat as per her mother’s instructions. Psychological characteristics She secretly wants to make a human friend, but predominantly wants animals to be treated with the same respect as humans. She does not fear physical conflict in terms of herself and another, but hates seeing others abused, and is often seen as the ‘superhero’ on the playground when she beats up bullies. She also hates seeing dead animals and becomes increasingly depressed when animal bodies suddenly appear in the months before the start of the film. She also hates seeing animals abused, of course. Academically, she has never failed a school year. She is highly intelligent when it comes to physiological, zoological and botanical knowledge, but has some difficulty when dealing with abstract concepts. Thus is why she tends to ask the teachers after class to help explain certain mathematical and grammatical terms. She has often expressed to her mother how since grade 5, Ezraette has occasionally seen a black cat near the mealie field. She does not fear it but rather plays wi th it. Her mother does not find this strange. Ezraette has to control her temper when she smells children eating meat. In fact, when she can’t control her rage anymore, she must leave the room or general area. She has a dream of one day becoming a zoologist, specialising in horses. She finds it difficult to approach children her own age for conversation, and sometimes asks a teacher to speak to a learner on her behalf. Sometimes she manages to do the talking herself. Occasionally, she will have an intense craving for liquorice, which she will eventually abandon, then start up again. The only verse in the Bible which she actually remembers off by heart is Isaiah 11: 6-9, which she learnt in grade 6. In grade 7, she had a recurring dream every night from middle June to early July that this biblical scene is spoilt by the black cat viciously killing every creature in the scene and being swallowed up by the little child, which is Ezraette. Physical characteristics Height and weight: 155 cm tall and 49 kg heavy Appearance, attractiveness, complexion: alert and often leaning forward, very welcoming face, fairly attractive, freckles on her face and body, slightly tanned white skin Clothing: likes wearing green, flowy clothes, like skirts Brawn or physique: lean but powerful, athletic build Hair and eyes, defects or scars: light brown semi curly neck base length hair, wide brown eyes, no defects Health: good health Strength, athletic ability, physical skills: strong and fast, can play sports needing long-term stamina, prefers sports with lots of running Voice quality: Slightly high pitch, sharp but inviting voice Moral characteristics She believes in God but is not affiliated with any particular religion, because her mother taught her about other religions, and so she understands moral relativism in that sense. She does pray though and uses the term ‘God’. She expects all humans to be good, which often creates disappointment. She believes in the sanctity of nature but is not as distraught about human death as animal death. All suffering is appalling to her, though. She does not believe in destiny, but rather in vastly distant connections in the universe. She does not eat meat, but does not mind eggs or milk. She does not believe in leaving a matter for later but rather resolves an issue immediately. She is a feminist, but would not call herself one. She believes in fair play and is kind to everyone initially. She does not respect institutional structures. At the end, she is compassionate enough and forgiving towards her father. She is painfully honest but will first listen to the other’s viewpo int before making a final judgement. Job Luthor Occupation: Owner of Job’s Well Done farm, pays workers poorly and makes offensive personal remarks Upbringing: Born and raised in Uitenhage, father was a construction worker until a head injury caused him to go on welfare, while mother was housewife, who got cancer and died when he was 16. After years of being seen and seeing himself as a failure in school by students and teachers alike, he left home and joined a biker gang of thieves. He killed the farming family who used to own Job’s Well Done and draws energy from their tortured souls, using black magic he learnt from one of the bikers. He obviously did not finish school. He is now 40 years old. Present home life: he spends most of his day farming or riding his motorcycle and at night pretends to enjoy Harmony telling stories around the camp fire. He tries to make up for his verbal abuse towards her for keeping her maiden name after their marriage and also because she refuses for them to eat meat. This he allowed in order to have a reason to be abusive. He tries to spend quality time with Ezraette. Social status: seen as a loner by the community, some suspect him of killing the previous farming family, but most believe him that they moved to go and work in Stellenbosch. Pastor Saul sells Job’s mealies to hospitals and Job enjoys mocking pastor Paul. He only barely interacts with the community during church. He believes foreign exchange tariffs should be raised. Psychological characteristics: His actual goal is to fight off his demonic urge and return to normal before becoming psychotic. Thus he spends time with Ezraette hoping for her to save him. He often spends time in an empty shed trying to absorb and overpower Pitch Instinct, the cat djinn who tortures the dead farmer souls. He fears confronting both his father’s failure and his own terrible lifestyle. He is chauvinistic and manipulative. He is psychologically astute but not sympathetic. He is not naturally a hard worker but learnt to be one through farming. When he feels especially low, he cuts himself. Every few years, he has an alcoholic phase and must eventually dry out, usually with smoking as a substitute. Physical characteristics: Height and weight: 220 cm tall and 105 kg heavy Appearance, attractiveness, complexion: broodingly handsome, often with a cocky smile, thin lips, some cuts on his face form youthful bar fights, tanned white skin Clothing: wears black leather clothes, even while farming Brawn or physique: strong muscles from strenuous labour Hair and eyes, defects or scars: shaven head, left eye black, right eye grey Health: good health, except older face, violent coughing and smoker’s teeth Strength, athletic ability, physical skills: very powerful, can move quite fast because of strength and height, but not for long before wheezing, often jerky movement Voice quality: very base voice modulates from gritty to clear Moral characteristics: Job is Christian, but not forgiving and believes in survival of the fittest. He has no respect for animals. He has a surface belief that people are unreliable and only useful for sadistic entertainment, yet actually respects human potential for success. Thus he is selfish and even kills a dog in front of his daughter for pleasure. He is spiteful and cannot be trusted to be compassionate towards anyone when it really matters. Harmony Smith Sociological characteristics: Born in Port Elizabeth to Christian family who did not accept her being psychic and made her feel demonically possessed. Ran away and married Job. Housewife and farmer at Job’s Well Done farm. Tries to make friends at church and with other parents at school, who do not know her power. She is only marginally successful because of her husband and daughter’s foul reputations, and also because of her veganism and maintained maiden name. Politically, she is an anarchist. Her husband verbally and rarely physically abuses her, at which point she phones the police. She tries not to retaliate at his words because he enjoys hearing her get upset. She married him because he initially seemed kind and intelligent. She is 30 years old. Ethnically, she is English South African. Psychological characteristics: She has a deeply rooted fear that her psychic power is actually a demonic curse. Her pet peeves are pet names and chauvinism. Her surface ambition is to become a respectable member of the community. Her real ambition is to accept her psychic power as perfectly natural. She has a slight persecution complex, constantly worried that someone may find out about her power. Only Job and Ezraette know about these powers. Her powers entail vague visions of the future and seeing spirits, including Pitch Instinct. She enjoys telling stories of when she was young and carefree and silly animal stories she experienced as a child. She is Christian because she loves reading the Gospels, but does not believe anyone goes to hell. Physical characteristics: Height and weight: 180 cm tall and 78 kg heavy Appearance, attractiveness, complexion: quite attractive, upright posture, inviting but slightly amused expression, quite pale and freckled Clothing: wears patchy clothing Brawn or physique: fairly muscular, from farm work Hair and eyes, defects or scars: reddish brown hair, usually made in three shoulder blade long braids Health: good health Strength, athletic ability, physical skills: not very physically active, but theoretically fairly swift, but not too powerful Voice quality: alto voice, modulates mainly between ironic and morose Moral characteristics: She is reliable, compassionate and trusting to a degree. She would do anything to protect her daughter, even maim her own husband. She is not a hard worker but her empathy is quite potent. He has the capacity to break society’s morals and withstand long periods of abuse in order to provide and protect her daughter. Harmony thinks she does not have the courage to express herself, but in the end is brave enough to stand up for zraette’s freedom to choose the farm’s purpose. She would even absorb a djinn to save her daughter. Thomas Van Der Berg Sociological characteristics: Thomas was born in Pupaville and is aged 13 during the film. He is a Grade 7 scholar at St John’s High School in the same town. He lives in 24 Retief Road, Pupaville, with his father, pastor Saul Van Der Berg. Because his father was first a social worker and then a pastor, the other children, whose fathers were farmers, would initially bully him, but in later years, encourage bullying in him. His sense of belonging is thus tied up to the level of pain he can inflict on others. Thomas has been in love with Ezraette since he had met her, but because she kept beating him up when he would bully people, he would only ever admire her from a distance and never talk to her. During the years when pastor Saul sent Thomas to make a connection with Ezraette during her father’s drunken phases, Thomas would stop bullying people and relish in conversation with her. At school, his teachers admire his intellect and his willingness to give his all to his studies as well as sport. His mother died of cancer a few months before the film. He has a mixture of admiration for his father’s kind heart towards people as a social worker, and resentment of his father. This is because his father made a vow to never act in a way that implies God does not have a divine plan for all, after a friend of Saul’s died and only Saul and his wife Sonja could look after the 3 year old Thomas. Saul is sterile and Sonja had cheated on him previously. Thomas’ adoption was a gift that saved their marriage. The vow that Saul made resulted in Saul ending their life and health insurance. Over the years that followed, Thomas had many bouts of sickness which caused him to grow smaller than most of his age. Thomas spends his time playing soccer, rugby and tennis. He is in the rugby team. He has many sport acquaintances, who all admire his superb soccer-playing ability, but no real friend except for Ezraette. He spends his time at home studying the Bible with his father. They do not watch television in their townhouse, but only listen to radio. He is Afrikaans in ethnicity, centre right wing in politics and Methodist in religion with his father as pastor of Prevenient Grace Methodist Church. Psychological characteristics He has a fear of not being accepted by his bully gang as masculine. He also has a deep seated fear of being bullied again. His lack of faith causes him to fear being destroyed by the God that could have killed him with sickness. He has a prejudice towards anything that is not seen as masculine, so he finds Ezraette’s vegetarianism quite appalling as it seems too feminine for him. He has a pet peeve of physical weakness and historical inaccuracies. He has a superstition of not being able to touch pink things or girls’ clothes because he believes that the more feminine something is, the more likely it is to be destroyed. His surface desire is to become a professional soccer player, but after he meets Ezraette, he wishes to play a team sport with or against her and for them to be a couple. His genuine need in life is to be full of faith and to overcome his inferiority complex for being initially undergrown. Thomas enjoys history, the Old Testament, military subjects and re gular, rigorous exercise. He has an excellent memory and sense aptitude for sport tactics. Thomas gets very good marks at school because of these traits. An occasionally bad temper and a generally cocky disposition accompany his lack of physical addictions except for exercise. Physical characteristics Height Weight: 140 cm in height, 60 km in weight Appearance, Hair, Eyes, Defects or scars: severe yet arrogant expression, very muscular and upright posture, military cut red hair, blue eyes, slightly broken nose Clothing: tends to wear camouflage, golf shirts and sports-themed clothes with numbers on them, always with sneakers Health: often has the cold, so he sneezes occasionally, though he still plays sport despite this Strength, Physical skills, Fitness: brilliant athlete in agility, speed, stamina, strength but not eye coordination Attractiveness, Complexion: tanned white skin, attractive in a rugged and orderly military way Voice quality: low tenor voice but a mockingly knowing manner and slowly deliberate pace Moral characteristics: Thomas believes in God, but believes that God cannot be trusted to do things for the good of humanity; therefore Thomas does not expect either himself or others to do anything purely for the greater good. Deep down, he seeks compassion but believes it out of reach and thus he has very little faith. He will lie, hurt and mock anyone to uphold his image of masculinity. He will not keep a secret because the subtlety of another’s problems are too delicate for him to appreciate. He works very hard at school because he equates this with masculinity. When a decision is to be made, he will respect a man’s behaviour but hardly take anything a woman says seriously. He is selfish and even resorted to slicing at Harmony to gain faith.

Cold Knap Lake :: English Literature

Cold Knap Lake This poem is about an incident from the poet's childhood. Cold Knap Lake is a real place near Barry in Glamorgan, South Wales. It is a Bronze Age burial site, and something of a local beauty spot. A little girl is drowned in the lake, or so it seems, but the poet's mother gives her the kiss of life, and her (the poet's) father takes the child home. The girl's parents are poor and beat her as a punishment. At this point, the poet wonders whether she, too, "was...there" and saw this (the beating, rather than the rescue) or not. The poem is inconclusive - the writer sees the incident as one of many things that are lost "under closing water". What begins as a reflection on a vivid memory ends by recognizing the limits and vagueness of the way we recall the past. In the opening lines, the poet seizes the reader's attention with the seeming seriousness of death. This makes the mother's action seem yet more miraculous. If we assume that the "wartime frock" is being worn during (not after) the Second World War, then the poet (born in 1937) would have been at most eight years old. The mother is a "heroine" but her action has nothing to do with the war. The rest of the crowd either do not know about artificial respiration, or fear to take the initiative. And they are "silent" perhaps because they do not expect the child to recover. The poet notes how her mother's concern is selfless - she gives "her breath" to "a stranger's child". (We can contrast this with the poet's admission of her own coldness to someone else's child in Baby-sitting.) The image also suggests the miracle of creation as related in Genesis (the first book of the Bible), where God gives Adam life, by breathing into his nostrils. Back to top The poet does not condemn, but seems shocked by, the child's being "thrashed for almost drowning". But for all we know, the parents who beat her thought this was the right way to teach their daughter to be more careful. (The incident may also explain the poet's reluctance, years later, as she writes in Catrin, to let her own daughter skate in the dark.) In the penultimate stanza, the lake of the title supplies an apt image of memory. Under the shadow of willow trees, cloudy with "satiny mud", stirred as the swans fly from the lake - the "troubled surface" hides any exact information. What really happened lies with many other "lost things" under the water that closes over them - in the lake, where

Long Term and Short Term Cause of World War 1 Essay

There was no particular cause for the rash of the First World War. The causes are much more complex than those of the Second World War and include short, intermediate and long term factors that all ended to cause the July Days in 1914. These factors include militarism, nationalism, imperialism, the alliance system, and industrialization as the long term causes. The intermediate causes included the crises in the Balkans and the short-term trigger for the war was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the Sarajevo, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. Militarism in the 19th and early 20th centuries involving the great powers of Europe was definitely important issue in the beginning of World War 1. Militarism means that the army and military powers are given a high profile by the government. More money was put into the military to increase arms and power of each country. This made each country ready and willing to fight one another. This build up and competition between the major powers developed into the arms race, which for many years put up looseness between Britain and Germany An alliance is an agreement made between two or more countries to give each other help if it is needed. . If any one country was attacked the other members of the alliance was repeatedly forced into the war as well, even if they did not want to fight. When an alliance is signed, those countries become known as Allies. A number of alliances had been signed by countries between the years 1879 and 1914. These were important because they meant that some countries had no choice but to declare war if one of their allies. For example: in 1879 Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves from Russia.

Free Essays on Lincoln Vs. Kennedy

Late presidents John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln are always in the top ten of America’s favorite presidents. So what was the reason for their assassination? Maybe society today does not have knowledge enough about the two late presidents to judge them on how great they actually were. Is Lincoln really the â€Å"Great Emancipator†, was Kennedy really out to be the best he could be, or is that a big hoax to cover for America’s late presidents? After all, the president of the United States is supposed to represent our country, their ability to make decisions, and our belief of right and wrong. Is there really a good reason Lincoln and Kennedy were assassinated or was it really a freak accident that was soon regretted by the assassins? On February 12, 1809 Abraham Lincoln was born in Hardin County Kentucky. He later moved to Decatur Illinois. In contrast, John F. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline Massachusetts. Lincoln went on to Princeton for his studies, married at 33 to a girl of his age, ran for Legislature and won. Yet, Kennedy went to Harvard for his studies, joined the Navy upon graduation, and married at 36 to a girl of only 24. Both late presidents had children, but while Lincoln was a strict professional father, Kennedy was the high class laid back dad. Lincoln, in personality, was an upstanding, never unprofessional man, who only wanted to be taken seriously for his decisions. Kennedy, on the other hand, wanted nothing more than to be the friendly man of the people, who wanted to make decisions based on public opinion. During the Lincoln presidential debates, Lincoln was the â€Å"truth teller†, but little does the United States citizens know that in the slave supporter states Lincoln agreed with slavery and said he would never believe that the white were equal or insuperior to any other race. In states that disagreed ... Free Essays on Lincoln Vs. Kennedy Free Essays on Lincoln Vs. Kennedy Late presidents John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln are always in the top ten of America’s favorite presidents. So what was the reason for their assassination? Maybe society today does not have knowledge enough about the two late presidents to judge them on how great they actually were. Is Lincoln really the â€Å"Great Emancipator†, was Kennedy really out to be the best he could be, or is that a big hoax to cover for America’s late presidents? After all, the president of the United States is supposed to represent our country, their ability to make decisions, and our belief of right and wrong. Is there really a good reason Lincoln and Kennedy were assassinated or was it really a freak accident that was soon regretted by the assassins? On February 12, 1809 Abraham Lincoln was born in Hardin County Kentucky. He later moved to Decatur Illinois. In contrast, John F. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline Massachusetts. Lincoln went on to Princeton for his studies, married at 33 to a girl of his age, ran for Legislature and won. Yet, Kennedy went to Harvard for his studies, joined the Navy upon graduation, and married at 36 to a girl of only 24. Both late presidents had children, but while Lincoln was a strict professional father, Kennedy was the high class laid back dad. Lincoln, in personality, was an upstanding, never unprofessional man, who only wanted to be taken seriously for his decisions. Kennedy, on the other hand, wanted nothing more than to be the friendly man of the people, who wanted to make decisions based on public opinion. During the Lincoln presidential debates, Lincoln was the â€Å"truth teller†, but little does the United States citizens know that in the slave supporter states Lincoln agreed with slavery and said he would never believe that the white were equal or insuperior to any other race. In states that disagreed ...

A Case Analysis for Occupy Wall Street Movement

A Case Analysis for Occupy Wall Street Movement Introduction The theory of ‘in place’ and ‘out of place’ tends to stratify the society on the basis of the correct placement of each social stratum. These strata could rely on economic affluence, ideologies, gender, race or religion. This phenomenon is an interesting focal point, when examining the instances when geography intersects with social ideologies of a particular setting (Cresswell, 1996).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Analysis for Occupy Wall Street Movement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the societal expectations make individuals behave in a certain manner when he/she occurs in a particular setting, and any consequence that may accompany their defiance is blamed more on the correctness of the place rather than on the explicit nature of the occurrence (Hubbard, Kitchin, Valentine, 2010). This research proposal is designed to look at a situation in the social setting that depicts the society’s correctness in relation to place and how this correctness or incorrectness affects them or the surrounding society in that particular place both explicitly and implicitly. The real time study of Occupy Wall Street Movement was chosen as a phenomenon worth analyzing. It is important to note that the movement can be regarded as an illustration of the power of specific space over specific groups of people. The instance of St. Paul’s Cathedral (London) verifies the assumption that place (or space) can play a very important role in the development of societies. For instance, London protestors decided to express their ideas in immediate proximity to London Stock Exchange (â€Å"St Paul’s Protest†, 2011). Therefore, people’s choice was rather predictable, as they wanted to be heard by their opponents, â€Å"financial sharks†. It is also important to note that they people could not simply occupy areas near the Exch ange as the areas were privately owned. Therefore, protestors had an opportunity to find an ideal public place to express their concerns. Remarkably, the protestors were heard as authorities tried to come to certain agreement. More so, dean of the cathedral had to resign which can be regarded as a manifestation of power of such social movements (Walker, 2011). Admittedly, the fact that the protestors were heard is due to the place they occupied. In that case space (or rather specific place) influenced choices different groups of people made. Purpose of the research The purpose of this research paper is to critically examine the situation upon which the aspects of social expectations with regard to the society’s way of life are related to space. It will cast light on different facets of place away from just the spatial implications. Various instances in which an individual taking a particular social place is expected to behave in a certain way will be analyzed looking at the r eal life occurrences that made the phenomenon explicitly reveal itself in a social setting in a real time.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In attempt to bring out the situation in a more realistic manner and in a way that people can relate with, this research paper focuses on the Occupy Wall Street Movement, a kind of uprising that began in September 2011. Inspired by the uprisings in the Arab world that have been associated with ushering in revolutionary changes in favor of the oppressed majority (Gelder, 2011), the movement was on the forefront in demand for a fair share of equality in economic, social and political arenas. Hence, the argument will be based on whether there is a relationship between the ways in which the protesting behave in airing their demands and places where they gather with reference to the social structure. It is important to note that the present movement provides important insights into the assumption that privatization of public places minimizes people’s control over the development of the societies (Mitchell, 1995). The idea of the movement is that a small group of people accumulates all resources depriving the majority of the citizens from those resources. Ironically, the movement was an illustration of the basic idea. People occupied public places and tried to make their ideas heard. Importantly, authorities tried to make the protestors go even from the public areas (Burns, 2011). Therefore, Mitchell’s concerns about minimization of public control can be rather relevant. Apart from this, the protests in London show that the place does shape people’s behavior. Thus, being in immediate proximity to the cathedral made people more preserved and tolerant. In fact, both sides had to consider their actions thoroughly because of the place chosen by the protestors. Hence, the argument will be based o n whether there is a relationship between the ways in which the protesting behave in airing their demands and places where they gather with reference to the social structure. Background Information Occupy Wall Street abbreviated as OWS is a movement that began in Zuccoti Park in New York on September 17th 2011 after being contrived by Adbuster, an activists group based in Canada. The aim of the protest was to disapprove the prevalence economic disparity among the Americans which led to the emergence of social alienation among the middle class and the poor by the few economically affluent people who were perceived to be in control of the Wall Street Business District. In addition, they strongly opposed the participation of the corporate and financial institutions in the political arena, among other basic social wrongs, such as a high rate of unemployment and corruption that have been associated with difficulties of survival among the majority (Apps, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Analysis for Occupy Wall Street Movement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Apps (2011), the strikers considered themselves as the representatives of the majority that were unemployed, homeless and did not enjoy medical and social benefits, while the political elite and their corporate cronies seemed to benefit from the system. Lower Manhattan has not been spared from the rampant riots and uprisings due to its connection with financial system and the economy (History.com Staff). The overall intent of Occupy Wall Street was connected with those receiving end crossing and wanting to cross barriers, occupy places meant for public use or even to air their dissatisfaction. This approach could be accompanied by possible violence and severe ramifications. The use of social media was seen as a breakthrough on gathering the crowd and circumventing the administration as well spreading their blueprint. L iterature Review Ideological values are a product of social expectations with regard to the conduct in a particular spatial setting (Therborn, 1980). Scholars, such as Goren Therborn (1980), have argued that an ideology could only be considered to be good or bad with regard to the place in which it was taking place rather than time. Hence, it becomes justifiable for someone to judge on the validity of an action basing his argument on the spatial setting upon which the action is taking place. While it is usually unnoticeable when individuals behave normally being â€Å"in place†, it becomes obvious when a person acts â€Å"out of place† because it does not correspond to the expectations of the surrounding society, which may expose the actor to prejudice. Kitchin (1999) also argues that people often see if some individuals or groups do not fit the space occupied. Though the researcher focuses on specific characteristics, the assumption can be applied to various groups ch aracterized by different features. Thus, socio-economic features make people find themselves in different camps. The researcher also dwells upon some issues concerning social justice (Kitchin, 1999). Studies have shown that social injustices are characterized by distinct spatial settings which are exhibited through the control and domination of space by one group of people. When the word injustice is used, unfair treatment comes in mind and is more inclined to the issue of social morality (Smith, 1994).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This implies that people who are oppressed by an economic or political system are more likely to be found in a certain locality away from their oppressors. In order for them to have their outcry given attention, they tend to move to the localities in which they believe they will catch the attention of the oppressors. Such was the case of Occupy Wall Street Movement. Problem statement The problem statement for the research paper is to critically analyze the Occupy Wall Street Movement and determine whether there is(are) any instance(s) the behavior and actions of the protestors intersect with place. The research will examine the interaction between the actions of the protestors and the place in which they decided to camp; whether they were in place to do so or they were out of place. Significance of the problem Zuccoti Park is a privately owned park that is accessible to the public. It was designed for recreational purpose, but on September 17th, 2011, people with absolutely differen t agenda started trickling in the park to protest against the Wall Street system. Thus, these people did not behave with respect to the expectations of the general public and the owners, too. Hence, they were viewed to have taken their motives out of place. The NYPD was not in the capacity to install a curfew in the park to avert the strikers from being there though it seemed to be an appropriate intervention. If the park was not privately owned, the police could have used every means at their disposal to avert the entry into the park. This is because the strikers were not intending to use it in the way prescribed by the common law. If the protesters had decided to air their protests at their homes, possibly, nobody could have noticed it. In addition, there were reported cases of theft of mobile phones and laptops among the protesters who claimed to receive police protection. In some instances, cases of sexual harassment started leaking into the press that led to setting up of tents exclusively meant for female protesters. Some cases of violence went unreported with the police blaming the strikers of infusing â€Å"three strikes policy† which discouraged the victims from reporting any physical violence inflicted upon them until the offender performed the same violence in three different occasions. The protesters claimed the police tell them to deal with their own tribulations or go back to their homes. Thus, this case presents a credible illustration of people acting out of place which draws attention from various actions. These people were denied some basic rights by the police on the claims that they were not supposed to use the park for that purpose. Various evils were inflicted upon them, which looked justifiable in the eyes of the offenders; after all they were not supposed to have camped there. Thus, it is important to take a closer look at the movement in the context of space. It is important to reveal the correlation between the exact place and people’s actions. Crang and Thrift (2000) point out that space cannot be separated from social context and vice versa. Therefore, the movement can be analyzed in terms of socio-spatial context. It can be important to understand the choices people made, and how the places chosen affected the way people acted. Apart from this, it is essential to analyze the outcomes of the protests. It is important to understand whether the place chosen helped protestors to achieve their aims or not. It is also necessary to trace the development of the protestors’ ideas and the development of the movement itself. This analysis can help to more deeply understand the role of place in the development of societies. The precise movement can provide insights into socio-spatial processes that take place in the societies. References Apps, P. (2011, October 11). Wall Street action part of global Arab Spring? Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-global-politics-protest/wall-s treet-action-part-of-global-arab-spring-idUSLNE79A03Z20111011 Burns, J.F. (2011, October 30). ‘Occupy’ protest at St. Paul’s cathedral in London divides church. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/31/world/europe/occupy-protest-at-st-pauls-cathedral-splits-anglican-church.html?pagewanted=allmtrref=undefinedgwh=647817B4F967C6A37944AB9071E5C5FEgwt=pay Cresswell, T. (1996). In Place/Out of Place: Geography, Ideology, and Transgression. Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press. Gelder, S.V. (2011). How occupy Wall Street changes everything. In S.V. Gelder Staff of Yes! Magazine (Eds.), This changes everything: occupy wall street and 99% movement (pp. 1-13). New York, NY: Beret-Koehler Publishers. Crang, M. Thrift, N.J. (2000). Thinking Space. New York, NY: Routledge. History.com Staff. (2011). Wall Street: 300 Years of Protests. Web. Hubbard, P., Kitchin, R. Valentine G. (Eds.) (2010). Key Thinkers on Space and Place (2nd e dn.). London: Sage. Kitchin, R. (1999). Creating and awareness of others: Highlighting the role of space and place. Geography, 84(1), 45-54. Mitchell, D. (1995). The end of public space? People’s Park, definitions of the public, and democracy. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 85(1), 108-133. Smith, D. J. (1994). Geography and Social Justice. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. St Paul’s protest: Legal action is launched. (2011, October 28). BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-15495019 Therborn, G. (1980). The Ideology of Power and the Power of Ideology. New York, NY: New Left Books. Walker, P. (2011, October 31). Dean of St Paul’s Cathedral resigns over Occupy London protest row. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/31/dean-st-pauls-resigns-occupy

Pestle analysis for hybrid cars in US Coursework

Pestle analysis for hybrid cars in US - Coursework Example Politicians, in as early as 1990, have put emphasis on better environment; and thy showed concern for environmental pollution. The Clean Air Act was revised in 1990 and became tougher on emission norms (Wilson and Dilulio, 2008 p.561). Today, fuel is not only related to environmental issues, but also a concern for national security. In 2007 president Bush showed concern on America’s dependence on foreign petroleum. The present president, President Obama too is concerned. He wants to reduce the America’s ‘Addiction to foreign oil’. In 2009 Obama revised climatic policies and forced car makers to build more fuel efficient and pollution free cars (Tan et al, 2012, p.3). Presently the government provides tax benefits to the buyers of hybrid cars (Boone and Kurtz, 2013, p 75). From the above facts it is clear that political opinions and activities in the USA are very favourable for Hybrid cars. Tougher policy on vehicle emission means increased opportunities for zero or minimum emitting vehicles like hybrid cars. Economic Factors: There are some economic factors that can influence the hybrid car industry in the USA. America is largely dependent upon other countries for petroleum. If domestic fuel consumption is reduced US’s oil import will reduce. This will surely lessen US’s trade deficit (Tan et al, 2012, p.4). ... As hybrid cars are more fuel efficient people can save money on fuel (Miller and Stafford, 2020, p.38). However, a hybrid car costs more than a conventional car. Therefore, the initial high purchasing cost might discourage potential buyers of hybrid cars (Miller and Stafford, 2020, p.38). The government has made special budgetary allocations for new generation vehicles. This money is being spent on development of fuel-efficient and low-emission vehicles. This fact is an excellent encouragement for hybrid car industry (Tan et al, 2012, p.4). Therefore, it is clear that most of the economic factors can positively influence the US hybrid car industry. However, high price of hybrid cars might be a deterrent. Social Factors: The hybrid car industry could be influenced by several social factors. The environmental pollution is linked with social issues like health. Conventional cars that emit more harmful gases cause more damage to human health. Hybrid cars emit a negligible amount of these gases. Therefore they are seen as more human health-friendly. Moreover, hybrid cars are silent. Noise has negative impact on health. In this aspect too, hybrid cars promote better health (Tan et al, 2012, pp.4-5). Hybrid cars are now linked with social status. Reports show that US consumers buy greener products to improve social status. Consumers are even ready to ‘sacrifice luxury and performance to benefit from the perceived social status that comes from buying a product with a reduced environmental impact’ (Vaughan, 29 March, 2010). As hybrid cars are greener, owning a hybrid car will improve the owner’s social status (Vaughan, 29 March, 2010). Another social fact worth mentioning here is: women prefer electric cars.

Emergence of Crime Prevention and Community Safety in the Context of t Essay

Emergence of Crime Prevention and Community Safety in the Context of the Crisis of Governance That Afflicted the UK during 1970 and 1980 - Essay Example Representations of crime and punishment offer, in varying measure, titillating glimpses of the seductions of deviance, moral boundary maintenance and an anxiety-arousing frisson of fear. It is further mentioned that election campaigns did not mention crime as an important issue until 1970 when Margaret Thatcher developed law and order into a major arena of ideological conflict. Thus it is evident that the UK had realized the importance of community safety and crime prevention during the late 1970’s which prompted the government to chalk out policies and framework for crime prevention. This paper examines the emergence of crime prevention and community safety in the context of the ‘crisis’ of governance that afflicted the United Kingdom during 1970 and 1980. Reiner (2000, p.81) mentioned that the increases in recorded crime levels were fuelled further after the mid-1970s by the consequences of the fundamental shift in the political economy represented by the return of free market economies and the deregulation of an increasingly globalized market. It is further mentioned that the consequences of crime and social cohesion are enormous because of the widening of social divisions, and growth fo social exclusions. As social exclusions, economic, insecurity and inequality grew; the motives and opportunities of crime multiplied and the restraining effects of both formal and informal social controls are eroded. Dingwall and Davenport (cited in Fennell, 1995, p. 21) mentioned that the United Kingdom today faces a problem of crime which could not possibly have been forecast at the end of the Second World War. It is further stated that crime rate increased from 50,000 reported crimes in 1950 to 1.6 million in 1970 which further increased to 2.5 mi llion in 1980. It is further stated in a comparative study by Biles that in the period between 1960 and 1979 the recorded crime rose by 177 percent in England and Wales (Fennel, 1995, p27).     

SEE ATTACHMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SEE ATTACHMENT - Essay Example The new healthcare policy opens up shared responsibility between the state and the individual, and thus, those who prefers not to avail insurance offered by the state, may exercise essential responsibility to avail healthcare pre-need policy from the open market of insurance companies (Healthcare.gov, 2012). I am willing to pay an insurance coverage that is only commensurate to my income (Healthcare.gov, 2012). Hence, it’s but proper that we are given options to choose which insurance scheme is more favorable to us as subscribers (Healthcare.gov, 2012). Section 1002 cited the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and Section 1501 (b) of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (as amended) (Healthcare.gov, 2012). Applicable payments for workers are also cited in Section 1003 (Healthcare.gov, 2012). The subscribers options are however limited depending on the implementation of new healthcare policy in various states and on the age bracket of the subscribers (Healthcare.gov, 2012). For instance, the new law clearly stipulated that those who are aging below 26 years old are still covered under parent’s insurance policy and those who are beyond 65 could already avail of free preventive healthcare services and discount for medicinal prescriptions (Healthcare.gov, 2012). Those are employed will also be able to avail healthcare policies that will be provided by the company (Healthcare.gov, 2012). Providing healthcare policies for workers is an opportunity for company to avail healthcare tax credits (Healthcare.gov,

80 yard run Essay Example for Free

80 yard run Essay 80 yard run BY tmille30 The main character of the short story, The Eighty Yard Run is Christian Darling. Everything in life cannot be handed to anyone on a silver platter and Christian finds this out the hard way. He is a man who thinks he is a famous football player but soon finds out he is not as good as he thinks. He was an athlete but not a gifted one, he spent the most of his career blocking for someone else better. Louise is Christians wife and she treats him like gold and spoils him with many gifts. Christian Darlings haracter completely changes throughout this short story as he goes from riches to rags. A mans football career is never remembered by what he does at practice. It might be remembered for a day but never a lifetime. Football is Judged by what you do on the field when a war between two teams is at hand. Christian did not have many long runs in his life while playing running back. I think this is why an eighty-yard run was so important to him at practice. He was trying to make his legacy in life more about football rather than something else better than that. Football is not all that people make it out to be, yes if you are great you may get the fame and fortune but the chance of that happening are slim to none. Football is a sport that is terrible on the body no matter what the age of person playing is. All is does is beat your body every single day but that is why some people love it. Football was all Christian knew and he makes it out to be that it is the only thing he loved in life. He wanted to be running the ball every down rather than blocking and wants to be making the big plays rather than going unnoticed. What he does not realize is the fact that football is a team sport and not everyone gets the glory. Linemen block every single play and they have no glory that comes from I but they still do their Job. The real glory of football is walking off the field after every game knowing you did all you could do to help your team win. That is the true meaning of football and Christian is not smart enough to realize that, he is Just blinded by spotlight. Christian wants to be remembered as a great football player but at the end of the short story they are at a game and people o not even know who he is let alone even if they have heard of Christian Darling. Christian is a very well liked man by all, Just from his football standpoint. It seems like everyone loves football players Just because of the lone fact they are popular. Louise loved him for who he really was; they got married after they both graduated college. He is very spoiled and does not seem to do anything on his own, everything seems to be given to him in life and in most cases it is nota good thing. It seems Darling is only with Louise for all that she gives him and does for him. I think this because once he was out of money and her fathers company gave them debt up to their heads he began to constantly drink and lost his mind. This would make Louise extremely unhappy and Christian is lucky he did not lose the only thing that has stayed with him for the majority of his life. Football is a sport that you cannot play your whole life because of how hard the game has to be played and Darling does not realize this. Louise is a woman that will always be there for him unlike football. Christian needs to wake up and realize that he needs to treat Louise with respect and love her like he hould. It is not her fault football is no longer in his life or the fact her fathers you have to make the best of them rather than crumble under all the pressure and just give up. Everything was fine when Louise was wealthy and good buy him gifts all the time. This Just shows that Darling does not truly care about anyone but himself. A relationship is not about gifts or money; it is about being truly happy with your significant other for who they are. In conclusion Christian Darling is a man who starts at the top with a loving wife, lots of money, and a football career but lets life rag him down when life get tough. He drastically changes as a person when he has to make the transition from football player to a man that has to work an everyday Job. Darling stays at home and drinks his life away and lives in shame while his wife goes out and works for all the money she can to try and pay the debt off. This character just goes to show us that no matter how easy life seems, anything can change for the worse at anytime and you must be ready. You must make the best out of it rather than sit back and feel sorry for yourself or let someone else do everything for you.

Sex Addiction Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Sex Addiction Addiction, a compulsive psychological need for a habit-forming substance according to an online dictionary (p). In this instance, the substance is sex or masturbation. A sex addict needs progressively more and more explicit pornographic material in order to become aroused. Their behavior becomes centered on different sexual experiences and the desire to attain them. The person cannot control their sexual appetites resulting in severe consequences for themselves and others. Sex addiction is a lifelong problem that needs to be contained in order to avoid continued complications. Shame, secretiveness, and abusiveness in a person accompany the addiction. Treatment is available in different forms; however, because this subject is relatively new a cure is not known. An important question is arising around this subject is whether or not sex addiction results from nature or nurture. Patrick Carnes, Ph.D., the first person to identify and treat this affliction, hypothesized sex addiction results from a person needing certain neuro-chemical changes (4). Everybody experiences certain neuro-chemical changes that make the physical act of sex feel pleasurable. A normal person produces this stimulus, attains the natural high, and is satisfied. An addict, however, uses this chemical to escape pain or seek relief from stress (4). This theory supports a nature argument because there is nothing a person can do about it. Their body creates an altered response to a completely normal act and fosters an uncontrollable need to experience sex. It is comparable to an alcoholic's reaction to alcohol (4). The sex addict needs this chemical to be released in order to desensitize themselves from their problems. This is not healthy, but i... ...ttp://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web2/www.sexualrecovery.com 4) Sexual Addiction Home Page , Home page with basic information http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web2/www.sexaddictionhelp.com 5) Sexaholics Anonymous Home Page , Home page for support group http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web2/www.sa.org 6) Sexhelp.com Home Page , Home page for Dr. Carnes http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web2/www.sexhelp.com 7) Porn-Free.com Home Page , Web site about religious recovery help http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web2/www.sexhelp.com 8) Sex addiction FAQ , Home page with basic information about different aspects of addiction http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web2/www.sexhelp.com 9)Page on Dictionary.com, definition of addiction http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=addiction

Biblical Worldview Essay Essay

Introduction/Thesis The Bible’s New Testament book of Romans, chapters 1-8, provides a fundamental perspective and useful resource on how God desires to shape our worldview. A biblical worldview in a society that gravitates to a sinful nature can be a challenge. Paul, however, provides insight that may not encompass every theological truth, but provides the basis of establishing a biblical worldview. Specifically, these chapters provide the essence of how Christians should view the natural world, human identity, human relationships, and culture. The Natural World Paul’s description of a worldview of the natural world is supported in the Bible several times. The book of Genesis begins with God’s creation of the heavens and earth as described in Genesis 1:1. Romans 1:20 also supports God as the master creator by explaining, â€Å"For ever since the world was created, people have seen the earth and sky. Through everything God made, they can clearly see his invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature. So they have no excuse for not knowing God.† (NLT) But, because of man’s sinful nature, people turn away from Him and deny His power and divinity. In Romans 1:21-23 Paul states, â€Å"For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened. Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like a mortal human being and birds and animals and reptiles.† (NIV) Despite the evidence of God’s existence, people turned away from Him, worshipped idols, and continued to relish in sin. Human Identity God created man in His image and put mankind over the rest of His creation. In fact, God has ranked man just a little lower than the angels and has anointed us with His glory and honor (Psalms 8:5). So, why is it we have an identity crisis? It is because of sin, we have fallen out of God’s grace. Romans 3:10 states, â€Å"There is no one righteous, not even one.† (NIV) It is through Adam’s sin that we are all now held in God’s contempt. God understands man is bound by his sinful nature. But, Paul describes our  opportunity for redemption in Romans Chapter 8:1-2, â€Å"Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus, because through Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit who gives life has set you free from the law of sin and death.† (NIV) â€Å"Although the ‘law of sin and death’ is more powerful than our moral will-power, the ‘law of the Spirit of life’ more powerful than the ‘law of sin and death’. It has the power to liberate us.† (DeLashmutt) Through Jesus Christ, we are able to reclaim our human identity as God’s children. Human Relationships Human relationships have been tainted with sin since Adam and Eve. God has provided other human relationships as a gift to us. It’s through these human interactions we demonstrate God’s love through us. Though human nature leans toward sin, especially in dealing with human relationships. Our refusal to acknowledge God will allow us to fulfill our own sinful hearts and desires. These selfish motivations lead us to fulfill the desires of our heart instead of the desires of God’s heart. In Romans 1:18-32, Paul provides a detailed description of the wickedness and immorality of the people. Sin is what separated us from God and a relationship with Him in the first place. God restored this, however, through our gift of salvation in Jesus Christ. Jesus’s life and human relationships, as described in throughout the Gospel, provide a perfect example of the biblical perspective on human relationships. Culture The biblical worldview on culture that Paul describes in Romans is a society that has systematically imploded. Romans 1:26-31 provides explicit detail on the Roman culture at that time. Sin was running rampant through the society. People knew God and they rejected Him anyway. This type of sinful nature and blatant rejection of God spread throughout the culture. (Romans 1:32) People were determined to live in defiance of God and by their own legalistic views of the law. Paul stated that those under the law were lawless because the people abused the law to provide selfish gains or as a means to stand in judgement of another, especially the Gentiles. God meant for the law to be good, but man manipulated it to his own advantage. On the contrary, obedience demonstrates humility. Paul states in Romans 5:19, † For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners,  so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous.† (NIV) The philosophy in this scripture supports God’s desire for us to be the light in the world to shape our culture for His purpose and not our own. Paul maintains that the grace that we as Christians are under was achieved by one Man’s (Jesus’) righteous act (Rom. 5:18). (McCracken) Conclusion I believe that Paul’s epistle is just as relevant today and it was in his time. Paul’s thoughts and insight provide sound perspective for biblical worldviews for believers to mature in their faith. These biblical worldviews about our natural world, human identity, human relationship and culture are applicable to current believers because human nature has not changed. These messages are just as relevant to us today because there is still sin in the world that will not end until the Second Coming of Christ. In the meantime, we can use Romans 1-8 as a guide to align our biblical worldviews with God’s heart. Paul’s perspective on biblical worldviews, such as these, are just one of the many gems we can get from the Word. References DeLashmutt, G. Walking by the Spirit Part 1. Teaching Series from Romans. Retrieved on 5/1/15 from http://www.xenos.org/teachings/?teaching=527. McCracken, R. (April 20, 2014). The Difference Between Legalism and Obedience. Bible Study with Randy. Retrieved on May 2, 2015 from http://www.biblestudywithrandy.com/2014/04/know-difference-legalism-obedience-romans-5-8/.

Cultural anthropology Essay

Cultural anthropology is one of the most important fields of anthropology that explores cultural variation among people and promotes culture as a meaningful scientific concept. The aim of this paper is to explore the key concepts, such as subsistence practices, economic systems, issues w/social stratification, marriage practices, kinship and marital residence, political life, religion and arts, and issues w/globalization or the environment, taking, as a case in point, African culture. Subsistence Practices In 1930s the researchers developed a better classification based on peculiarities of the subsistence practices (the methods and sources used by society to get the food and other necessary things in order to survive). This classification, being based on economic differences, was much more effective, as far as a culture is â€Å"directly related to its economy† (O’Neil, 2006). In such a way, the world cultures were divided into four types according to the subsistence practices: foraging (gathering wild plants and hunting), pastoralism (herding domesticated animals), horticulture (low intensity farming), and intensive agriculture (large scale farming). Intensive agriculture is the primary subsistence practice of such large-scale, populous society like Africa. Moreover, three fifth African citizens are subsistence farmers. Africa has a well-developed agricultural sector that provides for the most domestic needs. In addition, the country exports wool, corn, tobacco, peanuts, sugar, and other important farm products. Economic System Different types of culture have different economic systems, not only in terms of the scale (e. g. isolated, small-scale economies vs. large-scale economies), but also in terms of their systems of production (the subsistence practices), distribution and exchange. African economic system consists of industry, trade and resources of the nations of African countries. Africa is considered to be the poorest inhabited continent in the world. Its poverty is partially rooted in its history due to uncertain transition from colonialism. Being the country with poor economy, Africa has no complex market exchange system. African agricultural sector employs approximately sixty per cent of the country’s inhabitants. The most important exports are petroleum and minerals. Investment and banking is very problematic due to the country’s uncertain economy. Issues w/social stratification People are social human beings; and, having a need in social contact they live in isolation quite rarely. Social institutions and social groups have their own specific functions, which may overlap and are interconnected in multiple complex ways. Manifest functions are obvious, while latent functions are more difficult to discover and are less apparent. In all social groups people have a social status and a certain role to fulfill. Status is a â€Å"relative social position within a group† (O’Neil, 2006), while a social role is â€Å"the part our society expects us to play in a given status† (O’Neil, 2006). Alike other countries, Africans achieve statuses in two basic ways: the achieved social status is one the person acquires by doing something, whereas the ascribed status is the â€Å"result of being born into a particular family or being born male or female† (O’Neil, 2006) (e. g. some casts in African indigenous tribes). Social groups in Africa are organized on a basis of age, gender, common interest (e. g. avocation (fraternal organizations), vocation (trade unions), common residence (neighborhood organizations), religious belonging (membership in a certain church), past experience (veterans clubs), political beliefs (political parties), to mention a few. Marriage practices Marriage is â€Å"the socially recognized union of two or more people† (O’Neil, 2006), which functions as a glue in the organization of society. It is generally referred to as an efficient way to regulate heterosexual intercourse by determining â€Å"who is socially accepted as a sexual partner and who is not† (O’Neil, 2006). After the marriage, all other people, except of the souse, are treated as off limits for sexual access. Different societies have different views on sexual access restrictions, and, therefore, have different marriage practices. For example, in Africa marriage partner selection to a great extent depends on complex rules, which vary significantly from region to region. In addition, the concepts of beauty are also considerably different in different cultures (e. g. African countries consider large and pump bodies to be attractive, while European countries prefer slim women). Ttraditionally, African marriage is a kind of alliance between the kin groups. As well as in other countries, marriage partner selection restrictions in Africa imply two basic categories: exogamy and endogamy rules. Exogamy rules insist that marriage should occur outside of a certain social group (e. g. family) (in other words, exogamy explains who the person cannot marry), while endogamy rules require that the marriage should be â€Å"within some larger group, such as the local community† (O’Neil, 2006) (in other words, endogamy explains who the person is recommended to marry). For example, in Zambia a woman is not allowed to seek for marriage (it is a taboo). Pre-colonial marriage in Africa was a kind of transaction between the two kin groups, where the bridewealth was paid to the bride’s family. During the period of colonialism polygyny (the marriage of more than one spouse at a time) was a common practice. Nowadays, the vast majority of African countries have serial monogamy (a â€Å"marriage to multiple spouses but only one at a time†) (O’Neil, 2006) Kinship Kin groups are very important part of African culture. Kinship is a culturally determined relationship between the people who are â€Å"commonly thought of as having family ties† (O’Neil, 2006). African culture uses kinship to classify people and to form social groups. Yet, as with other cultural practices, kinship patterns and rules are different for different types of country’s region. African kinship is â€Å"the most important social organizing principle along with gender and age† (O’Neil, 2006), because it â€Å"provides a means for transmitting skills and property from generation to generation† (O’Neil, 2006). No wonder that inheritance rights are predominantly based on kinship ties. Marital Residence Alike the vast majority of societies, African newly married couples rarely establish their own residence. Instead, they generally become a part of compound household occupied by relatives or a part of existing household. There are several types of residence in Africa: Patrilocal residence (when a couple establishes their home not far from or in the groom’s father’s house). It is the most common type of marital residence followed by the vast majority of African population; Matrilocal residence (when a newly married couple establishes their home not far from or in the bride’s mother’s house); Avunculocal residence (a couple establishes their home not far from or in the groom’s maternal uncle’s house); Ambilocal residence (when a newly married couple establishes their home not far from or in the bride’s or groom’s house); Neolocal residence (when a newly married couple establishes their home independent of both sets of relatives). Other types of marital residence (e. g. virilocal, uxorilocal, and natolocal) occur very rarely in African culture. Political life Alike all other countries, Africa has some sort of political system, because the politics is a â€Å"competition for power over people and things† (O’Neil, 2006). The simplest type of political systems can be presented in bands and tribes (in Ancient Africa and some modern African indigenous tribes). These kinds of societies are acephalous (Greek – without a head) (with no leader in the sense we commonly expect) (O’Neil, 2006). Tribes are a little bit more complicated system, compared to the band. Nowadays, modern Africa has plenty of political structures organized into bureaucracies of positions. Each of them has different levels of power, responsibility and authority. African Union (AU) consists of all Africa’s states except Morocco. African Union has a parliamentary government (the AU Government) and consists of judicial, legislative and executive organs. It is headed by the Head of State and the AU President Gertrude Ibengwe Mongella. Religion Generally, religion is a system of beliefs that usually involves the worship of supernatural beings and/ or forces. Religion plays an important role in African culture, as far as it introduces a kind of order â€Å"in what might otherwise be seen as a chaotic existence† (O’Neil, 2006) and provides the meaning and understanding for inexplicable things and events. African religious people define religious beliefs as the core of their world views. Sub-Saharan African traditional religion revolves around ancestor worship and animism. Indigenous African religion divides the ancestor spirits into two categories: helpful and harmful and involves the performance of rituals (a stylized and repetitive act that occurs at a set time and location and involves the use of symbolic words, objects and actions). African religion has psychological and social functions. It helps people confronting and explaining death, fears, and anxiety about the unknown and supernatural. They can â€Å"provide a basis for common purpose and values that can help maintain social solidarity† (O’Neil, 2006). In addition, there are many other religions in Africa, such as Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, to mention a few. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, about 46. 5% of all Africans are Christians and another 40. 5% are Muslims with about 11. 8% of Africans following indigenous African religions. African Art African culture enjoys a rich tradition of crafts and arts, such as brass, leather art works, woodcarvings, paintings, sculpture, pottery, religious and ceremonial headgear and dress, to mention a few. As far as Africans devote much attention to personal appearance, jewelry is the most important personal accessory. Traditionally, Africans make jewelry from cowry shells. The art of making masks is one of the most important aspects of African culture. There are several themes widely used in African art and craft. Couple theme is one of the most interesting, because, unlike in European cultures, the couple theme rarely expresses the intimacy between man and woman. Instead, the couples are most likely to represent married couple, ancestors, twins, and community founders, etc. Mother’s or woman’s theme is the second most important theme in African art. It embodies the woman’s desire to have a child, and may symbolize mother earth. The depiction of the man with the weapon or depiction of animals traditionally symbolizes power and honor. Issues w/globalization or the environment Africa is the country solely dependent on rains, global warming may cause devastating effect on the country by worsening the food supply and, consequently, exacerbating the widespread poverty in the entire African continent. Moreover, it is assumed that the reality of globalization for African continent is dramatically environmentally destructive and the human influenced environmental catastrophe in Africa is worsened by the impact of globalization that may result in further devastation of the continent. References O’Neil, D. D. (2006, November 30). Cultural Anthropology. Retrieved May 24, 2007, from http://anthro. palomar. edu/tutorials/cultural. htm